We assessed tumor heterogeneity in hepatocellular carcinoma using multiparametric MRI (mpMRI) combining DWI, BOLD-MRI, TOLD-MRI and DCE-MRI measurements. Histogram characteristics (central tendency parameters mean and median and heterogeneity parameters standard deviation, kurtosis and skewness) of mpMRI data were quantified in the lesions and correlated between MRI methods and with histopathology and gene expression levels in a subset of patients. We observed that central tendency and heterogeneity parameters were largely complementary in terms of the assessed correlations. The proposed histogram analysis is therefore promising for noninvasive HCC characterization on the functional, immunohistochemical and genomics level.
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