The standard evaluation of detecting liver parenchyma is invasive liver biopsy, while MRS is a non-invasive measurement to monitor metabolites. Using 31P spectroscopy it is possible to follow metabolic changes in the liver and the functionality of the liver during fructose uptake by measuring ATP levels. Going to ultra-high field strength, we are more sensitive to ATP levels and are able to use more localized MRS sequences (e.g. 3D CSI). We have shown we are able to monitor ATP levels during fructose uptake in vivo in the liver at 7T and see a decrease in ATP levels during the uptake.
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