Oxygen-enhanced MRI (OE-MRI) has shown promise as a technique for quantifying and spatially mapping tumour hypoxia. Here, we report a world first-in-man study showing that OE-MRI signals in perfused tumour can non-invasively track changes in hypoxia induced by radiotherapy. We show that OE-MRI detects (1) reduction in hypoxia in Calu6 xenografts and that this change is due to hypoxia modification; and (2) reduction in hypoxia is also seen in 14 patients with non-small cell lung cancer. These data support first-in-man use of OE-MRI biomarkers in clinical trials of (chemo)-radiotherapy as single agent or in combination with hypoxia-modifying agents.
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