The design and application of a novel bioreactor capable of facilitating both magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and optical fluorescence microscopy for complementary metabolic information is described. Fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM) of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) and hyperpolarized [1-13C] pyruvic acid (PA) MRS were performed on 3D cell cultures of 4T1 murine breast cancer cells to study the effects of glucose starvation across cellular and population scales. The system provides a novel test-bed for simulating cell-matrix and cell-cell interactions in a 3D microenvironment for investigating multi-scale cellular metabolism in vitro.
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