Early infancy is a period of intense behavioral acquisitions and brain development. Nevertheless, how functional and structural maturations are inter-related has been little explored so far. Following studies of visual domain, we aimed to address this question for the auditory modality in 1 to 5-month-old infants, by combining EEG and quantitative MRI measures supposed to reflect fiber myelination and intra-cortical development of dendritic arborization. We investigated the relationships between the functional maturation of auditory-evoked responses in terms of latency and speed, and the maturation of microstructural properties for both white matter tracts and cortical regions of the auditory network.
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