Unlike ionizing imaging modalities, the SNR in MRI is proportional to voxel volume, but downsampling or voxel averaging after acquisition only improves SNR by the square root of the voxel volume. To take advantage of this distinction, we use a frequency selective imaging approach to independently excite the hyperpolarized 13C substrate (pyruvate) and downstream metabolites (lactate, alanine, and bicarbonate). This allows us to tailor the spatial resolution for each metabolic product, yielding high-resolution images for pyruvate as well as quantification at a coarser resolution for the lower SNR metabolites, such as bicarbonate, which would be undetectable at the higher resolution.
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