We introduce Discriminative Analysis of Regional Evolution (DARE) of iron and myelin/calcium to assess specific changes in Deep Gray Matter (DGM) of Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis (RRMS), Progressive MS (PMS) and corresponding age-matched healthy subjects, which we regress with disease severity. DARE enabled discriminative assessment of longitudinal changes in MS, and demonstrated superior performance compared to conventional bulk analysis. Iron decrease and myelin/calcium increase, and myelin/calcium changes, were the primary drivers of observed MRI longitudinal changes in RRMS and PMS DGM, respectively. Specific DARE measures of MS DGM can be used to predict MS Severity Score, and may reflect complex disease pathology.
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