Quantitative MRI parameters in the brain provide unique information on tissue myelination. However, the validation studies performing quantitative comparisons between MRI metrics and tissue myelin content are very limited, mainly due to the to the lack of methods for histological myelin quantification. Here, we explore lipid imaging using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) and multiple histological myelin stains in post-mortem human brain tissue samples for validation of MRI based myelin biomarkers. We show that tissue lipid composition vary across different cortical layers and white matter pathways, potentially reflecting differences in myelin structure and may impact MRI-based myelination metrics.
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