Abstract #0627

Myelin-specific imaging using synchrotron X-ray scattering and comparison to MRI myelin-sensitive methods and histology

Marios Georgiadis^1,2,3, Els Fieremans², Aileen Schroeter³, Manuel Guizar-Sicairos⁴, Zirui Gao⁴, Aleezah Balolia⁵, Piotr Walczak^6,7, Lin Yang⁸, Gergely David⁹, Jiangyang Zhang², Dmitry S. Novikov¹⁰, Markus Rudin^3,11, and Michael Zeineh¹

¹Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States, ²NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States, ³Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland, ⁴Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland, ⁵Psychology, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO, United States, ⁶Radiology, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States, ⁷Diagnostic Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States, ⁸National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, United States, ⁹Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland, ¹⁰Center for Biomedical Imaging, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States, ¹¹Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland

Axonal myelination is an important indicator of brain development and is implicated in many neurologic diseases. However, MRI methods to probe myelin are sensitive but not specific. Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) produces signal specific to myelin’s nanostructural periodicity. Here we apply the recently developed SAXS tensor tomography (SAXS-TT) to non-invasively retrieve myelin levels in mouse brains, and compare them to myelin-sensitive MRI methods. We demonstrate SAXS-TT myelin specificity i) using myelin histology, ii) on a dysmyelination model and iii) by selectively probing central and peripheral nervous system myelin. We propose SAXS-TT as quantitative tomographic method for validating MRI myelin-sensitive sequences.

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