We performed the first resting-state fMRI study integrating both whole-brain functional connectivity (FC) and seed-based FC analyses to explore the network-level neural function alterations in patients with periventricular nodular heterotopia (PNH). Our findings (i) identified lower functional connectivity strength (FCS, an index of whole-brain connectivity) in bilateral insula, higher FC in the precuneus and lower FC in the anterior cingulate cortex/medial prefrontal cortex and cerebellum networks in PNH patients and (ii) demonstrated that the significant insular hypoactivation represented the cortical hub of the whole-brain networks in PNH, which might be of clinical significance in predicting disability progression of PNH.
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