Gradient modulated pointwise encoding time reduction with radial acquisition sequence (GM-PETRA) is a new sequence, which can minimize metallic artifact caused by surgical clips. The GM-PETRA samples k-space more quickly by increasing the gradient amplitude after excitation while keeping a relatively low excitation bandwidth. GM-PETRA provides decrease the susceptibility artifact caused by a metallic implant such as surgical clip and can demonstrate the patency of parent artery adjacent to the surgical clip more clearly than conventional PETRA and TOF MRA.
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