Lactate, as a central metabolite in aerobic glycolysis, is associated with cancer aggressiveness and disease progression. The non-invasive detection of lactate in breast cancer requires the minimal contamination signal from high amplitude lipid signal and maximal amplitude lactate signal, demanding the optimisation of coherent pathway encoding gradients and sequence timing in multiple quantum coherence (MQC) MRS. Furthermore, phased-array coils allows additional signal gain through appropriate combination algorithms. Adaptively optimised combination (AOC) coupled with the optimal MQC gradient at 50 ms mT m-1 provided more than 40% improvement of lactate SNR with complete lipid suppression.
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