Glassing agents are essential in DNP studies but have the potential to perturb the metabolic measurements that are being studied. Glycerol, the glassing agent of choice for in vivo DNP studies, is effective at reducing ice crystal formation during freezing but is rapidly metabolized, potentially altering the redox and ATP balance of the system. As a biologically inert alternative to glycerol, we show here that 15-20 wt % trehalose yields a glass that polarizes samples more rapidly than the commonly used 60% wt formulation of glycerol and yields similar polarization levels within clinically relevant timeframes.
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