Characteristics of neural processing such as recurrent signalling, make the definition of functional neural involvement notoriously difficult. This has implications for fMRI interpretation, and especially the relationship between excitatory/inhibitory networks and the BOLD response has not been well studied. Here we provide evidence that there are stimulus-dependent effects on neural processing in the VISp that could explain previously observed differentiation in BOLD polarity. We hypothesize that this is due to local excitatory/inhibitory interactions, and present a novel fiber-photometry setup that allows us to investigate the neural underpinnings of this effect by measuring excitatory and inhibitory activity during fMRI.
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