MR temperature monitoring during ultrasound thermal therapy of abdominal organs is challenging due to respiratory motion. It is especially important for hyperthermia therapy, which requires accurate temperature measurements to ensure therapeutic heating within a narrow temperature window (37-45 °C). In this study we developed a motion-robust, multi-slice, real-time MR thermometry sequence and reconstruction pipeline for the monitoring of temperature in hyperthermia or thermal ablation therapy in abdominal organs. This technique was implemented in RTHawk and evaluated in simulated acquisitions, phantom experiments with a custom-made motion phantom, and in-vivo healthy volunteer experiment without heating.
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