Epilepsy is closely linked to inflammation, oxidative stress, and hypoxia. The difficulty of accurate localization and targeted drug delivery to the lesion hinders the effective treatment. The local activated inflammatory cells offer a new opportunity for drug delivery to the lesion. Here, CD163 positive macrophages were first utilized as cell carriers after being hijacked by targeted albumin nanoparticles, which effectively delivered nanoparticles to the epileptic sites. Thus, accumulative nanoparticles enabled the visualization of the epileptogenic lesion though microenvironment-responsive MR-T1W imaging. Moreover, these manganese-based nanomaterials played a crucial role in protecting neurons from cell apoptosis mediated by oxidative stress and hypoxia.
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