While diffusion MRI (dMRI) has been established as a powerful tool for studying human brain white matter, its potential for characterising structural grey matter properties waits for to be fully realised. dMRI is capable of providing unique complementary information about cortical microstructure, function and connectivity. Here, we describe the spatial distribution and individual differences in cortical grey matter microstructure across 17,646 UK Biobank (UKB) participants using three diffusion MRI approaches, namely, diffusion tensor imaging, kurtosis tensor imaging and spherical mean technique, and demonstrate its predictive value for brain age prediction using machine learning.
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