Quantification of blood flow parameter is crucial for assessment of dynamic stability across cardiac vascular system. 4D flow provide systemic estimation of such parameter without requirement of contrast in a single acquisition. Technical limitation of 4D flow restrict dynamic estimation to either heart (LV/RV) or across large vessels due to venc differential. Estimation of large vessel (while retaining the cardiac dynamics) can be assessed accurately with flow estimation using flow velocity and pressure gradient. Choice of parameters is crucial in limited temporal frame using valve/vessel optimised sequence.
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