23Na MRI data were acquired on healthy volunteers ~15 mins after either anodal, cathodal, or sham application of tDCS in the motor cortex. Tissue specific [Na] concentration images were obtained using a partial volume correction algorithm previously developed for ASL MRI. There was an average 14% increase in gray matter sodium concentration, [Na]GM, across the group following the anodal tDCS; no significant change was observed for the sham application. Of note, all subjects exhibited a widespread pattern of increased [Na]GM similar to that reported in ASL MRI studies that have measured changes in CBF also following anodal tDCS of M1.
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