A robust B1+ mapping technique in the presence of metallic hardware is still unavailable. Our proposed B1+ quantification technique relies on turbo-spin echo or SEMAC acquisitions to decrease metal-related susceptibility artifacts while resolving B1+ values from signal variations at various sets of excitation and refocusing flip angles. Apriori knowledge of signal evolution is obtained by simulating the Bloch equations at each B1+ value. Phantom validation showed promising results, particularly at areas close to the metal surface, which are invisible with other mapping techniques.
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