We have introduced diffusion basis spectrum imaging (DBSI) to detect, differentiate, and quantify coexisting pathologies in people with multiple sclerosis (MS). Recently, we performed functional DBSI and DTI with flashing-checkerboard stimulation. DBSI-derived radial diffusivity (DBSI-RD) decreased significantly during visual stimulation while DTI-RD did not change. In this study, we employed fDBSI to assess optic nerve function and pathology simultaneously in MS. Axonal loss and vasogenic edema/increased extracellular space attenuated optic nerve response to visual stimulation.
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