Carbon and gold fiducial markers (FMs) are the most commonly used FMs for prostate radiotherapy. However, these markers do not produce positive contrast on MRI, and can cause large magnetic susceptibility artifacts on MRI. These properties of carbon and gold FMs make their identification on MRI challenging and complicate treatment planning processes that use co-image registration of MRI with CT for radiotherapy treatments. A novel multimodality FM has been developed that produces positive contrast on four imaging modalities, including MRI. This work presents the first-in-patient experience using the multimodality FM for proton therapy of prostate cancer.
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