Changes in diffusion properties of the intra-axonal space can be linked to brain health and function. Monte Carlo simulations of diffusion using realistic substrates are important for sequence design and for understanding diffusion MRI signals observed ex vivo and in vivo. However, it is difficult to construct tissue phantoms that accurately reflect compartment morphology. Here, we present the framework MISA for the generation of Microstructure-Informed Synthetic Axons. MISA uses statistical descriptions of axonal morphology from 3D histology to mimic real axons. We show here that MISA axons match axons from 3D histology in terms of their diffusion properties.
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