Diffusion of fluorinated gas in the short-time regime was measured using multiple gradient echo sequences with a single pair of trapezoidal gradient pulses. Pulmonary alveolar surface-to-volume ratio (S/V) was calculated using a first-order approximation of the time-dependent diffusion in a study with 20 healthy volunteers and 22 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Median surface-to-volume ratio is significantly decreased in COPD patients compared to healthy volunteers (P<.0001). No significant difference was found between measurements within 7 days. Linear correlations were found with S/V from hyperpolarized 129Xe MRI (r=0.85, P=.001) and the forced expiratory volume in one second (r=0.68, P<.0001).
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