fMRI can be used to assess cerebrovascular reactivity by measuring BOLD changes during a breath hold task. This is assumed to be isometabolic so that BOLD changes cannot be attributed to neuronal activity. We performed simultaneous EEG-fMRI recordings during a breath-hold task to assess to what extent neuronal activity retrieved from the EEG may contribute to explain the BOLD signal variance that is usually interpreted as reactivity. We found that neuronal modulation measured by EEG band power did not explain significantly more BOLD variance across GM than PetCO2 changes, indicating that the associated fMRI measurements truly reflect cerebrovascular reactivity.
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