Simultaneous proton resonance frequency shift thermometry and T1 measurements were obtained in an in vivo rabbit model using the single reference variable flip angle method. Focused ultrasound was used to heat tissue volumes of muscle and volumes at the fat/muscle interface. Temporal resolution for PRF shift temperatures and T1 changes was 1.71 s. Peak heated muscle voxels showed an increase in T1 of 1.6%/°C. T1 increases were observed in fat at or near the ultrasound focus.
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