Non-invasive quantitative imaging of cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO2) is essential to understand oxidative metabolism in health and disease. Hypercapnia is often used as a calibration for MRI methods associated with quantifying CMRO2. Here we show that CMRO2 remains constant during hypercapnia. We also provide a novel multimodal NIRS-MRI system that can assess absolute values of multiple metabolic correlates noninvasively in living mouse brain, and with no need for calibration with gas mixtures. Moreover, this technique is capable to monitor mitochondrial status by measuring the redox state of cytochrome oxidase, the enzyme responsible for oxygen consumption in the cell.
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