The main aim of this study was to characterize the acute effect of caffeine on cerebral hemodynamic responses in participants with different caffeine consumption habits. The non-habitual group exhibited a larger degree of vasoconstriction and thus diminished the ability to dilate upon stimulation. As the vessel dilation ability has been considered as a covariate to explain variabilities in fMRI signals, our results may suggest that the suppressed BOLD response to a visual stimulation in low-caffeine-level users could be partially attributed to the decreased vascular reactivity altered by the baseline perfusion.
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