We examined the effect of sleep deprivation (SD) on human brain white matter（WM） using advanced fixel-based analysis. MRI data collected at four morning time points (7-8am, before and after SD, one night recovery and 3 days recovery). Compared to the session before SD, several WM tracts involving in sleep and wakefulness regulation, memory consolidation and emotion response showed varied fiber density (FD), fiber cross-section (FC) and the combined measure of FD and FC (termed FDC) at different time points. These findings demonstrated the heterogeneous sensitivity of WM tracts in response to SD and the microstructural homeostasis.
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