Standardized blood tests lack adequate sensitivity to renal function and its underlying pathophysiology. We examined whether urea CEST, along with NOE CEST and quantitative MT imaging, can be used to quantitatively differentiate cisplatin and aristolochic acid (AA) models of mild and severe nephropathy, respectively. The increase of T1 relaxation time and decrease of qMT contrast were parallel in two models, while the decreased intrarenal gradient of urea CEST and NOE contrast were only observed in AA models. These results indicate that our integrated approach has the potential to noninvasively quantitate renal injuries and characterize different types of renal pathophysiology.
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