Using χ-separation, detailed characterization of MS and NMOSD lesions were possible. Majority (490/611, 80%) of MS lesions were hypo-diamagnetic on χneg maps, suggesting loss of diamagnetic myelin. On the contrary, only 14.2% (32/225) of NMOSD lesions were hypo-diamagnetic. On χpos maps, some MS and a few NMOSD lesions showed paramagnetic rim round the lesion, which was identical to paramagnetic rim sign on SWI or QSM. The proportion of hypo-diamagnetic lesions showed excellent diagnostic performances (AUROC 0.961, 95%CI 0.907-1), as compared to central vein sign and paramagnetic rim lesion sign.
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