Keywords: Pelvis, Diffusion/other diffusion imaging techniques, rectal cancer；neoadjuvant treatment；pathological complete response；oscillatory gradient spin echo
Motivation: Time-dependent (TD) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), an emerging imaging modality, offers insights into cellular microstructures, but its relevance to rectal cancer's neoadjuvant treatment response remains unknown.
Goal(s): To determine the value of TD MRI-derived metrics for preoperatively predicting pathological complete response (pCR) in rectal cancer.
Approach: Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to identify key predictors of pCR.
Results: Extracellular diffusivity independently predicted pCR, with a cutoff of 1.640 effectively distinguishing between pCR and non-pCR tumors.
Impact: Time-dependent magnetic resonance imaging emerges as a promising tool for detecting the pathological complete response in rectal cancer following neoadjuvant therapy, potentially facilitating the selection of patients who may benefit from a watch-and-wait approach.
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