Keywords: Functional Connectivity, Multimodal, Fluorescence Imaging
Motivation: Hypercapnia-induced changes in neurovascular coupling are not well understood.
Goal(s): Our goal was to capture and differentiate the neural and hemodynamic effects of hypercapnia.
Approach: We used concurrent fMRI and fluorescence calcium imaging in mice under elevated CO₂, analyzing spatiotemporal patterns of functional connectivity across modalities.
Results: Findings showed a distinct decoupling between neural and vascular responses under hypercapnia. Notably, BOLD signals did not transition into a neural state, remaining in a baseline vascular mode with significantly dampened fluorescence-triggered responses. In contrast, FL signals transitioned into the neural mode more frequently, revealing adaptive shifts in neural dynamics under hypercapnic stress.
Impact: By differentiating neural and vascular responses under hypercapnia, this study highlights limitations of BOLD as a neural marker during CO₂ stress. Findings inform strategies to restore neurovascular balance, relevant to chronic hypercapnic disorder diagnosis and treatment.
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